Module 7 

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Module 7:

OVERVIEW

Estimated study time:  One hour.

Target Audience:  Assistant and technician level personnel who are new to retinoscopy or for those who have difficulty with retinoscopy.

Pre-requisites:  An understanding of basic ophthalmic optics,  refractive states of the eye,  and the operation of the phoropter.

Date of original release:  March 2001

Section 1:

Description of content:  This section describes the retinoscope and basic techniques of retinoscopy.  Patient setup is also discussed.

Instructional  objectives:  Upon completion of  this section,  the student should be able to:

• List the advantages and disadvantages of retinoscopy as compared to the auto-refractor

• Name the most widely used retinoscopes and describe their operation

• Describe the "sleeve-up" position

• Explain the streaking technique

• List the steps necessary to set up the patient for retinoscopy

• Describe the correct positioning for the retinoscopist

Section 2:

Neutralizing spherical errors

Description of content:  The procedure for neutralizing spherical refractive errors is used to discuss the basic concepts of retinoscopy. 

Instructional objectives:  Upon completion of this section,  the student should be able to:

• Name and describe the basic streak reflexes 

• Describe the procedure for neutralizing spherical refractive errors

• Explain why and how to adjust for the working distance

• Explain the significance of streak reflex width and speed

Section 3:

Neutralizing astigmatism with a plus-cylinder phoropter

Description of content:  This section discussed how to recognize the presence of astigmatism,  how to identify the correct axis of astigmatism,  and how to correct astigmatism using plus-cylinder power.

Instructional objectives:  Upon  completion of this section,  the student should be able to:

• Describe the difference between the meridian and the axis

• Discuss how  to recognize the presence of astigmatism

• Describe the procedure for neutralizing an astigmatic eye using plus-cylinder power

• Name and describe the phenomena used to identify the correct axis of astigmatism.

About the Author: Gary Gallimore is a certified ophthalmic technologist who assists with research at the Eye Foundation of Kansas City and works for a large multi-specialty ophthalmology practice in the metro area of Kansas City.    He has taught CE courses for many years on all subjects of ophthalmic technology. 

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