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Phoria / Tropia |
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Phoria
A phoria is a latent deviation. This means that the deviation is not apparent unless fusion is broken. For the phoric patient, the natural resting position of the eye muscle system is not ortho (straight). When the patient is visually active (i.e. awake and alert) the power of fusion keeps the eyes straight. If fusion is broken by dissimilar visual targets, (e.g. the Maddox Rod test), then the eyes move to their natural resting positions (eso, exo, or hyper).
Tropia
A tropia is a manifest deviation. This means that the deviation is readily observable. An example would be the "wall eyed" patient. One eye is looking at you and the other eye is looking at the wall. For this patient, fusion is either not possible, or it is not strong enough to overcome the deviation.
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